What Is Internet ?
Internet is the interconnection between the several computers of different types belonging to various network across the world .
It is a network to network.
Internet is a computer -based worldwide information network. It is the network of computers connected with one another all over the world , it is a global network made up of networks that communicate with each other.
Note:- Computer and networks are united with the common thread of two protocols.
IP(Internet Protocol )
TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)
Growth and Ownership of Internet
1. The internet stared as a U.S Government project in the year 1969 called Arpanet.
2. In the late 1980's the national science foundation of US founded the development of a network(using internet protocols),named NSFNET, Connect supper Computer.
3. The large worldwide collection of networks and computer system communicating according to the same protocols has came to be what is called the internet.
4.In 1990 ARPANET was dismantled and the public network in the U.S .was turned over to NSFNET. In 1993 the NFT created the Intern NIC to provide the internet services.
5.The backbone of the Internet is made up of high speed communication links owend by companies like AT&T (American Telephone and Telegraph Company),sprint of VSNL(Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited) in India. Connections to the backbones are made by Internet Service Providers (ISP'S) who then sell access band with to individual or commercial organization
Characteristic of Internet
1. A complex network
2Disorganized
3. A Decentralized system
4.Composed of billion of files
5. Widely used
6 International in scape
7 Dynamic
8Expanding Exponentially
Applications of Internet
The internet refers to a collection of computer networks , many individval network join gerther to form the internet.
1.Getting Online
2.Send and Receiving E-mail
3.Online Business
4.Chatting with Other
5.Paying Online Games
6.Socializing with Other
Structure of Internet
A study of the internet outlines the following major components of the structure.
. Internet Service
.Elements of Internet
.Uniform Resource Locators(URL)
.Internet Protocol (IP)
INTERNET SERVICE
The internet is a Combination of many networks and a large number of database and other service. Most of the services can be accessed through a web browser, such as internet services.
E-mail - 1970
Mail List - 1981
FTP - 1973 FTP(FILE TRANSFER PROTOCAL)
NETWORK GROUP - 1979
WWW - 1992
ELEMENETS OF INTERNET
A simplified hierarchical modes of internet includes client ,pc server of internet includes client, pc ,server computer and networks composed of both client and server composed of both client and servers, client PC.
These are the computer that request information from servers.
Server Computer
A server is a computer that holds the files for one or more websites.
Networks
These are composed of one or more server computers and mualtipal client PC.
*URL
URL : Uniform Resource Locator ;URL is unique address of internet resours.
The Structures of URL Consists :
TP(Transfer Protocol)
Server Names
Directory Path
File Name
https://www:facebook:com/html/userlogin .html
NOTE: Be careful while typing a URL into a web browsara single wrong cheracter in the address will give an error massage.
(IP)INTERNET PROTOCAL
An Internet Protocol address (IP address) is a numerical label assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication. An IP address serves two main functions: host or network interface identification and location addressing
Subnetworks
IP networks may be divided into subnetworks in both IPv4 and IPv6. For this purpose, an IP address is recognized as consisting of two parts: the network prefix in the high-order bits and the remaining bits called the rest field, host identifier, or interface identifier (IPv6), used for host numbering within a network.[1] The subnet mask or CIDR notation determines how the IP address is divided into network and host parts.
The term subnet mask is only used within IPv4. Both IP versions however use the CIDR concept and notation. In this, the IP address is followed by a slash and the number (in decimal) of bits used for the network part, also called the routing prefix. For example, an IPv4 address and its subnet mask may be and respectively. The CIDR notation for the same IP address and subnet is because the first 24 bits of the IP address indicate the network and subnet.
Function
An IP address serves two principal functions: it identifies the host, or more specifically its network interface, and it provides the location of the host in the network, and thus the capability of establishing a path to that host. Its role has been characterized as follows: "A name indicates what we seek. An address indicates where it is. A route indicates how to get there."[2] The header of each IP packet contains the IP address of the sending host, and that of the destination host.
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